Abstract
Our previous research revealed that trehalose, a nonreducing disaccharide of glucose and an important stress responsive factor, proved to have anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and particularly antioxidant properties in UVB-irradiated corneas. Trehalose reduced oxidative stress in corneas induced by UVB irradiation, by means of a decrease in the antioxidant/prooxidant imbalance in the corneal epithelium. In this study, we demonstrate that trehalose of 3% or 6% concentration in eye drops directly decreases oxidative stress in UVB-irradiated corneas, by removing the excessive amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Trehalose drops applied on corneas during UVB irradiation once daily for four days resulted in a reduction or even absence of the oxidative stress, DNA damage, and peroxynitrite formation (detected by nitrotyrosine residues), seen in buffer-treated corneas. Furthermore, trehalose treatment applied curatively after repeated irradiation for the subsequent fourteen days led to the renewal of corneal transparency and significant suppression or even absence of neovascularization. This was in contrast to buffer-treated irradiated corneas, where the intracorneal inflammation was developed and the untransparent corneas were vascularized. In conclusion, the treatment of UVB-irradiated corneas with trehalose eye drops removed the excessive amount of ROS in the corneal epithelium, leading to the suppression of oxidative stress and favorable corneal healing. The 6% trehalose showed a higher intensive antioxidant effect.
Highlights
E UVB radiation induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, which in turn causes cellular dam-Rage, intracorneal inflammation, changes in corneal hydraously injured corneas, ROS can activate the transcription factor NF-κB, which translocates to the nucleus to induce the expression of proinflammatory cytokines [10].Our previous research showed that trehalose, a disaccharide of glucose, reduced the UVB-induced oxidative stress tion, thinning of the corneal epithelium, and an increased through the decrease in the antioxidant/prooxidant imbalappearance of apoptosis [1, 2]
We demonstrate that trehalose of 3% or 6% concentration in eye drops directly decreases oxidative stress in UVB-irradiated corneas, by removing the excessive amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS)
T Compared to buffer-treated corneas, the oxidative stress in the corneal epithelium was reduced by 3% trehalose and strongly suppressed by
Summary
E UVB radiation (ultraviolet B, 280-320 nm ray wavelength) induces ROS generation, which in turn causes cellular dam-. Intracorneal inflammation, changes in corneal hydraously injured corneas, ROS can activate the transcription factor NF-κB, which translocates to the nucleus to induce the expression of proinflammatory cytokines [10]. Our previous research showed that trehalose, a disaccharide of glucose, reduced the UVB-induced oxidative stress tion, thinning of the corneal epithelium, and an increased through the decrease in the antioxidant/prooxidant imbalappearance of apoptosis [1, 2]. In contribute to the increased activities of proteolytic enzymes addition, trehalose decreased cell apoptosis and suppressed and the profound induction of proinflammatory cytokines corneal inflammation and neovascularization evoked by [6,7,8,9], resulting in the development of excessive intracorneal UVB rays [11,12,13].
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