The hatching-stimulation activity of solanoeclepin A toward the eggs of Globodera (Tylenchida: Heteroderidae) species

Abstract

Plant-parasitic nematodes often interact with their host plants via chemical compounds for successful invasion. In cyst nematodes, hatching requires chemicals known as hatching factors that are released from host roots. Previous studies succeeded in identifying and synthesizing solanoeclepin A (SEA) as a host-derived hatching factor for Globodera rostochiensis (Wollenweber) Behrens and Globodera pallida (Stone) Behrens (Tylenchida: Heteroderidae). However, no published data were available about the hatching response of Globodera species, other than G. rostochiensis, toward SEA. In this study, we tested the hatching responses of G. rostochiensis, G. pallida, Globodera ellingtonae Handoo, Carta, Skantar, and Chitwood, Globodera tabacum (Lownsbery and Lownsbery) Behrens, and Globodera artemisiae (Eroshenko and Kasachenko) Behrens (Tylenchida: Heteroderidae) toward SEA by exposing eggs of each species to 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 ppb of SEA and observing their hatching response. SEA stimulated the hatching of Solanaceae-parasitic Globodera species (G. rostochiensis, G. pallida, G. ellingtonae, and G. tabacum). The optimal concentration of SEA for hatching was 0.01–10 ppb. However, the hatching activity of G. pallida and G. ellingtonae was lower than that of G. rostochiensis and G. tabacum. SEA showed no effects on G. artemisiae which is parasitic to Artemisiae plants.