The Hallucal Sesamoid Complex

Abstract

The hallucal sesamoids are vitally important to normal weight bearing and foot mechanics. The sesamoid complex of the hallux normally transmits up to 50% of body weight and during push-off can transmit loads >300%. These high stresses may lead to both acute and chronic pathologies of the hallucal sesamoids. Sesamoidal problems may occur in the weekend warrior or the elite-level athlete. Thus, patients with sesamoid pathology may present to a general orthopaedic surgeon, sports medicine physician, foot and ankle specialist, or podiatrist. Physical examination, radiographs, and other specialized studies assist with the classification of sesamoid pathology. Initial treatment almost always involves an accommodative orthosis, but surgical intervention may be necessary in recalcitrant cases. Surgical options for managing problems of the hallucal sesamoid complex include curettage, bone grafting, shaving, internal fixation, and partial or complete excision.