Abstract
Gynecological examination is essential to assess the reproductive tract of mares and can provide important information about the uterine environment. It includes physical, vaginal, and rectal examination, ultrasound, cytology, culture, and endometrial biopsy. The present study aimed to perform gynecological examination and fertility to assess the fertility prognosis of Pantaneiro mares that have not been reproductively active and to determine their reproductive ability. Eight mares underwent ultrasound and gynecological examination and artificial insemination. Ultrasound revealed changes only in one mare. Histopathological findings were mild, such as periglandular and perivascular inflammatory cell infiltrates, fibrotic areas, glandular dilation, glandular island formation, and edema due to the phase of the estrous cycle. One animal was classified in category I and the others in category IIA. Cytological changes were found in only one mare. Endometrial culture from five mares resulted in isolation of Pseudomonas sp., Bacillus sp., Escherichia coli and Candida sp. Only four mares resulted pregnant through artificial insemination, using the same stallion with fresh semen, which has been proving fertility. Thus, mares with better uterine conditions will not always become pregnant and those with mild changes will not always be barren.
Highlights
Pantaneiro horse is a breed that is adapted to the extreme environmental conditions of the Pantanal region of Brazil via natural selection (Figure 1)
The Brazilian Association of Pantaneiro Horse Raisers was formed with the aim of devising a conservation and genetic improvement program that was supported by the Federal University of Mato Grosso, the Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), and the Brazilian Agricultural Research Company (Embrapa), which contribute to the program by conducting scientific research (Santos et al, 2016)
This study aimed to characterize the uterine status and fertility of the Pantaneiro mares of the UFMS herd using ultrasound, cytology, biopsy, and endometrial culture examinations after 3-5 years of sexual inactivity and to evaluate the results regarding the success of introducing young mares and reinstating the other mares to reproductive activity
Summary
Pantaneiro horse is a breed that is adapted to the extreme environmental conditions of the Pantanal region of Brazil via natural selection (Figure 1). Hooves of this animal can withstand terrains that are flooded for up to 6 months at a stretch. The animal can feed from submerged pastures These characteristics make this animal extremely important as it is used in the management of beef cattle, which is the region’s primary economic activity. This breed had nearly become extinct owing to indiscriminate crossbreeding with other horses. The Brazilian Association of Pantaneiro Horse Raisers was formed with the aim of devising a conservation and genetic improvement program that was supported by the Federal University of Mato Grosso, the Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), and the Brazilian Agricultural Research Company (Embrapa), which contribute to the program by conducting scientific research (Santos et al, 2016)
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