The Gut Microbiota during a Behavioral Weight Loss Intervention.

Maggie A Stanislawski,Purevsuren Jambal,Sarah J Borengasser,Janet C Siebert,Daniel H Bessesen,Danielle M Ostendorf,Kristen Bing,Edward L Melanson,Victoria A Catenacci,Paul S Maclean,Daniel N Frank,Diana Ir,Liza Wayland

doi:10.3390/nu13093248

Maggie A Stanislawski, Purevsuren Jambal + Show 11 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13093248

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Abstract

Altered gut microbiota has been linked to obesity and may influence weight loss. We are conducting an ongoing weight loss trial, comparing daily caloric restriction (DCR) to intermittent fasting (IMF) in adults who are overweight or obese. We report here an ancillary study of the gut microbiota and selected obesity-related parameters at the baseline and after the first three months of interventions. During this time, participants experienced significant improvements in clinical health measures, along with altered composition and diversity of fecal microbiota. We observed significant associations between the gut microbiota features and clinical measures, including weight and waist circumference, as well as changes in these clinical measures over time. Analysis by intervention group found between-group differences in the relative abundance of Akkermansia in response to the interventions. Our results provide insight into the impact of baseline gut microbiota on weight loss responsiveness as well as the early effects of DCR and IMF on gut microbiota.

Highlights

This study is ancillary to an ongoing randomized lifestyle weight loss trial (DRIFT2), comparing weight loss generated by intermittent fasting (IMF) to daily caloric restriction (DCR) over one year in healthy adults who are overweight or obese
To determine whether features of the gut microbiota assessed at either baseline or in the first three months of the intervention are associated with early clinical outcomes, we performed an ancillary study (Figure 1B) of baseline and three month samples collected from 59 DRIFT2 participants (25 DCR and 34 IMF)
This work adds to the growing body of literature demonstrating that the gut microbiota plays an important role in body weight regulation and may contribute towards responsiveness during a weight loss intervention

Summary

Introduction

Received: 31 July 2021Accepted: 14 September 2021Published: 18 September 2021Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/).Nearly 40% of U.S adults are afflicted with obesity, a condition that accounts for USD147 billion in annual healthcare costs [1]. Obesity increases risk for numerous chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes [1]. Even modest (5–10%)

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