Abstract
The Gulf of St. Lawrence and the Baltic Sea hold comparable quantities of water (though not of salts) and draw fresh water from a comparable area, but because of a tenfold difference in water exchange with the ocean, the residence time of water in the Gulf is 200–500 days, in the Baltic some 20 years. Annual primary production of organic matter is comparable in the two systems (35–50 × 10 6 tonnes yr −1), little of which leaves the Baltic, whereas export from the Gulf is substantial. The consequences of this are greater depletion of oxygen in the deeper waters and accumulation of organic matter in the sediments of the Baltic as compared to the Gulf of St. Lawrence.
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