The growth plate: anatomy and disorders

Abstract

The growth plate is a key component of developing bones. The growth plate, or physis, is a highly ordered structure and is composed of discrete layers. Each layer has a specific function that contributes to the growing bone. As a result of this, each layer also has the potential for problems to occur, leading to recognized diseases and syndromes. An understanding of the physis, along with diseases and disorders that can affect its function, is of great importance for the practising orthopaedic surgeon. The anatomy and disorders of the growth plate is also a common basic science viva topic in the FRCS examination. The aim of this article is to provide a sound understanding of the layered structure and function of the physis, with a description of the developmental processes and potential disorders of each layer. Trauma to the growth plate and subsequent growth arrest will also be reviewed.