Abstract
To investigate the antitumor effect of anthocyanins extracted from Chinese bayberry fruit (Myrica rubra Sieb. et Zucc.), a nude mouse tumor xenograft model was established. Treatments with C3G (cyanidin-3-glucoside, an anthocyanin) significantly suppressed the growth of SGC-7901 tumor xenografts in a dose-dependent manner. Immunohistochemical staining showed a significant increase in p21 expression, indicating that the cell cycle of tumor xenografts was inhibited. qPCR screening showed that C3G treatment up-regulated the expression of the KLF6 gene, which is an important tumor suppressor gene inactivated in many human cancers. Western blot showed that C3G treatments markedly increased KLF6 and p21 protein levels, inhibited CDK4 and Cyclin D1 expression, but did not notably change the expression of p53. These results indicated that KLF6 up-regulates p21 in a p53-independent manner and significantly reduces tumor proliferation. This study provides important information for the possible mechanism of C3G-induced antitumor activity against gastric adenocarcinoma in vivo.
Highlights
IntroductionAnthocyanins are the most abundant water-soluble pigment found in fruit, vegetables and beans
Anthocyanins are the most abundant water-soluble pigment found in fruit, vegetables and beans.It has been well established that anthocyanins from different sources exhibit multiple functional properties including antioxidant [1], anticancer [2], anti-obesity [3] and anti-diabetic effects [4]
HPLC analysis of the identified anthocyanin compounds showed that the retention time of cyanidins‐3‐glucoside of the identified anthocyanin compounds showed that the retention time of cyanidins-3-glucoside was 15.6 to 17.9 min
Summary
Anthocyanins are the most abundant water-soluble pigment found in fruit, vegetables and beans. It has been well established that anthocyanins from different sources exhibit multiple functional properties including antioxidant [1], anticancer [2], anti-obesity [3] and anti-diabetic effects [4]. It has been demonstrated in our laboratory that the proliferation of human SGC-7901, BGC-823 and AGS gastric cancer cells in vitro was inhibited by anthocyanins from Chinese bayberry fruit [5]. It was first discovered that C3G, a major component of anthocyanins from Chinese bayberry, could suppress the growth of SGC-7901 tumor xenografts through up-regulating KLF6 gene expression
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