Abstract
Abstract The influence of annealing time (1–1000 hours), applied tensile stress (0–130 MPa), temperature (973–1073 K) and helium content (10–300 a.p.p.m.) on the size distribution and density of helium bubbles within the grains of AISI Type 316 stainless steel has been studied by TEM of α-implanted foil specimens. The results are compared with theoretical predictions assuming different growth mechanisms. The experimental data are best described by assuming that (1) the bubble coarsening is due to Ostwald ripening and (2) the helium in the bubbles obeys a highly non-ideal equation of state. From such a comparison an activation energy for helium permeation through the lattice of 3.5eV can be deduced, which is comparable with theoretical estimates. It was further observed that tensile stresses can lead to bimodal size distributions, which are attributed to the presence of two mobile and supersaturated components (helium and vacancies) during the nucleation stage. The subsequent growth of matrix bubbles seems...
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