Abstract
The development of maize in shade areas is one of the efforts to increase the national maize production.The study objective was to determine the growth and yield adaptation of hybrid maize in shaded areas. The study was conducted in the sengon forest area of Kalices Village, Patehan District, Kendal Regency from March to September 2020. The study was designed using a randomized block design with split-split plots with treatments including: a) shade density (0%, 20% and 40%) as the main plot; b) cultivation technology (PTT and existing farmers) as sub-plots; and c) varieties (JH 37, Nasa 29 and Bisi 18) as sub-plots. Each treatment was replicated 3 times in order to obtain 18 treatment combinations and each replication was planted in a plot with a size of 350 m2. The parameters observed included the percentage of plants growing, plant height at harvest, age 50% male flowers, age 50% female flowers, cob height, cob length, cob weight, cob diameter, number of rows per cob, number of seeds per row, weight of dry seeds, seed moisture content, yield per plot and yield per hectare. The data were processed by analysis of variance and if there is a significant difference, it was further tested with DMRT at the 5% level. The results showed that the shading had a very significant effect on most of the yield components, namely cob length, number of seed rows per cob, wet and dry shell weight per 10 cobs, wet stubble weight per 10 plants, wet stubble weight, and dry shell weight. However, there is no significant effect on the growth components of growth power, cob circumference and cob position. The growth and yield adaptation of maize was better at 20% shade density compared to 40% shade density. On land with a shade density of 20%, the highest productivity was obtained in the Bisi 18 of 5.9 t/ha with a potential yield of 62.7%, followed by Nasa 29 of 5.8 t/ha with a potential yield of 58.41%, and JH 37 as much as 5.2 t/ha with a potential yield of 25%.
Highlights
Maize is an agricultural commodity that has an important role in the national economy and can be a source of foreign exchange through the export market
The results of statistical analysis of growth data and yield components showed that shade and variety treatments had a significant effect on several growth parameters and yield components, while fertilizer treatment significantly affected one yield component, namely dry shell weight
The results showed that the interaction between shade and variety had a significant effect on the fresh weight of maize plants
Summary
Maize is an agricultural commodity that has an important role in the national economy and can be a source of foreign exchange through the export market. The need for maize for food, feed, and industrial raw materials continues to increase. The average need for maize for consumption in 2018 reached 23.25 million tons with a production target of 29.93 million tons, resulting in a surplus of 6.68 million tons [3]. In 2019, maize production reached 27.8, and in 2020 it increased to 28.63 million tons [4]. Maize development is directed at dry land agroecosystems such as the use of community forest areas. Central Java is the second national maize center after East Java [5; 6]. Development of agricultural areas on dry land in Central Java covering an area of ± 955,587 ha with a maize production target in 2021 of 3.69 million tons [7]
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