The Growing Threat of Vaccine Resistance: a Global Crisis

Abstract

Vaccine hesitancy was identified as one of the top ten global health threats of 2019. Despite the spectacular reductions in morbidity and mortality achieved by vaccination programs, a growing anti-vaccine movement has led to the resurgence of previously controlled infectious diseases. This article discusses the causes and consequences of major vaccine controversies, starting with the introduction of the smallpox vaccine to the more recent scandals regarding the DPT, MMR, and tetravalent dengue vaccines. It also discusses the current evidence regarding vaccine-related serious adverse events and analyzes the possible factors that contribute to the anti-vaccine movement, such as the dissemination of false information on social media platforms. The dissemination of false information and the lack of an effective strategy to engage individual patients, communities, and the anti-vaccine movement have led to increased vaccine refusal in many countries that, in turn, has resulted in an upsurge of pertussis, diphtheria, and measles outbreaks. A comprehensive strategy for rebuilding public trust in vaccines is urgently needed. Physicians and public health specialists need to understand the barriers to vaccine acceptance and develop effective tools for communicating veritable information face-to-face with patients and on social media platforms. Furthermore, evaluations of vaccine efficacy and safety should take place through a transparent, independent, and multidisciplinary process.