The Group Evacuation Behavior Based on Fire Effect in the Complicated Three-Dimensional Space

Jun Hu,Juan Wei,Huijun Sun,Lei You,Ge Gao

doi:10.1155/2014/949280

Abstract

In order to effectively depict the group evacuation behavior in the complicated three-dimensional space, a novel pedestrian flow model is proposed with three-dimensional cellular automata. In this model the calculation methods of floor field and fire gain are elaborated at first, and the transition gain of target position at the next moment is defined. Then, in consideration of pedestrian intimacy and velocity change, the group evacuation strategy and evolution rules are given. Finally, the experiments were conducted with the simulation platform to study the relationships of evacuation time, pedestrian density, average system velocity, and smoke spreading velocity. The results had shown that large-scale group evacuation should be avoided, and in case of large pedestrian density, the shortest route of evacuation strategy would extend system evacuation time.

Highlights

As the density of urban population increases rapidly, the sudden disaster in the complicated environment may bring about serious consequences, so the study focus of the pedestrian flow is how to provide effective evacuation strategy [1,2,3,4,5]
The pedestrian evacuation model of twodimensional cellular automata was established by Burstedde et al [13], which proposed “floor field” concept to study typical phenomenon
When NUM is large, the curve suddenly changes: the bigger the parameter β, the shorter the system evacuation time. This indicates that when other factors are unchanged, the small group adopting the shortest route strategy is good for improving evacuation efficiency, while large-scale group who choose to keep away from the fire is more beneficial for improving evacuation efficiency

Summary

Introduction

As the density of urban population increases rapidly, the sudden disaster in the complicated environment may bring about serious consequences, so the study focus of the pedestrian flow is how to provide effective evacuation strategy [1,2,3,4,5]. The typical continuous model is social force, which was used by Helbing et al [6] to study evacuation process of pedestrians, discovering the formation mechanism of phenomena such as “faster is slower” and “arching” effect. The pedestrian evacuation efficiency in environment such as bottleneck channel, T-type channel, and hall was studied by Tajima et al [7,8,9] with lattice gas model, analyzing the critical threshold value with phase transformation under different conditions. The evacuation process of pedestrian flow was studied by Guo and Huang [10] with dynamic lattice gas model. The pedestrian evacuation model of twodimensional cellular automata was established by Burstedde et al [13], which proposed “floor field” concept to study typical phenomenon. Nagai et al [14] studied the evacuation characteristics of pedestrians whose view is blocked completely

Methods

Results

Conclusion