The ground-state tunneling splitting of various carboxylic acid dimers

Abstract

Carboxylic acid dimers in gas phase reveal ground-state tunneling splittings due to a double proton transfer between the two subunits. In this study we apply a recently developed accurate semiclassical method to determine the ground-state tunneling splittings of eight different carboxylic acid derivative dimers (formic acid, benzoic acid, carbamic acid, fluoro formic acid, carbonic acid, glyoxylic acid, acrylic acid, and N,N-dimethyl carbamic acid) and their fully deuterated analogs. The calculated splittings range from 5.3e-4 to 0.13 cm(-1) (for the deuterated species from 2.8e-7 to 3.3e-4 cm(-1)), thus indicating a strong substituent dependence of the splitting, which varies by more than two orders of magnitude. One reason for differences in the splittings could be addressed to different barriers heights, which vary from 6.3 to 8.8 kcal/mol, due to different mesomeric stabilization of the various transition states. The calculated splittings were compared to available experimental data and good agreement was found. A correlation could be found between the tunneling splitting and the energy barrier of the double proton transfer, as the splitting increases with increased strength of the hydrogen bonds. From this correlation an empirical formula was derived, which allows the prediction of the ground-state tunneling splitting of carboxylic acid dimers at a very low cost and the tunneling splittings for parahalogen substituted benzoic acid dimers is predicted.