Abstract

The article analyses the ‘ordinary’ violence of revolutionary politics, particularly acts of gendered and sexual violence that tend to be neglected in the face of the ‘extraordinariness’ of political terror. Focusing on the extreme left Naxalbari movement of West Bengal, it points to those morally ambiguous ‘grey zones’ that confound the rigid distinctions between victim and victimizer in insurrectionary politics. Public and private recollections of sexual and gender‐based injuries by women activists point to the complex intermeshing of different forms of violence (everyday, political, structural, symbolic) across ‘safe’ and ‘unsafe’ spaces, ‘public’ and ‘private’ worlds, and communities of trust and those of betrayal. In making sense of these memories and their largely secret or ‘untellable’ nature, the article places sexual violence on a continuum of multiple and interrelated forces that are both overt and symbolic, and include a society's ways of mourning some forms of violence and silencing others. The idea of a continuum explores the ‘greyness’ of violence as the very object of anthropological inquiry.RésuméL'article analyse la violence « ordinaire » des politiques révolutionnaires, en particulier les actes de violence sexuée et sexuelle, souvent négligées face au caractère « extraordinaire » de la terreur politique. Dans le cas précis du mouvement d'extrême‐gauche Naxalbari du Bengale occidental, l'auteur pointe les « zones grises » d'ambiguïté morale où les distinctions strictes entre victimes et agresseurs se confondent dans les politiques d'insurrection. Les souvenirs, publics et privés, d'agressions sexuelles et sexuées de femmes activistes mettent en évidence les liens complexes entre différentes formes de violence (quotidienne, politique, structurelle, symbolique) dans les espaces « sûrs » et « à risques », dans le monde « public » et « privé », et les communautés de confiance et de trahison. En recherchant le sens de ces souvenirs et de leur nature en grande partie secrète ou « indicible », l'auteur situe la violence sexuelle dans un continuum de forces multiples et liées, à la fois manifestes et symboliques, qui incluent la façon dont une société déplore certaines formes de violence et en passe d'autres sous silence. L'idée d'un continuum explore le caractère « gris » de la violence comme l'objet même de l'enquête anthropologique.

Highlights

  • The article analyses the ‘ordinary’ violence of revolutionary politics, acts of gendered and sexual violence that tend to be neglected in the face of the ‘extraordinariness’ of political terror

  • In the face of human rights violations, internal killings and sexual violence, the ethical distinctions between the victim and the victimizer, the hero and the aggressor, have become less discernable.i The lived space of revolutionary politics has come to constitute a zone of indiscernibility – a Levian grey zone in which the network of human relations can no longer be reduced to two blocs of victims and persecutors (Levi 1998).ii The late 1960s Naxalbari andolan of West Bengal constitutes one such

  • A privileging of the extreme nature of political terror has amounted, to a neglect of the more ‘ordinary’ forms of violence that underlie revolutionary political cultures like the CPML.iii Within the community of activists, the construct of the repressive state often exhausts the potential for recognizing violence elsewhere, such as in the politics of everyday life and within the textures of interpersonal relationships

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Summary

Introduction

The article analyses the ‘ordinary’ violence of revolutionary politics, acts of gendered and sexual violence that tend to be neglected in the face of the ‘extraordinariness’ of political terror. Focusing on the underground life of the movement, this article draws attention to some of the more secret, silent, and salient ‘costs’ of revolutionary politics, to everyday acts of sexual and gender-based violence. The idea of a continuum captures the varied idioms of male sexual aggression within the movement and relates, as we shall see, acts of injury at the micro and interpersonal level to an originary political violence.

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