Abstract
The attenuating effects of green tea supplements (GTS) against the ultraviolet (UV) radiation induced skin damages are distinguished. However, the concomitant effects of GTS on the large intestinal microbiomes and associated metabolomes are largely unclear. Herein, we performed an integrated microbiome-metabolome analysis to uncover the esoteric links between gut microbiome and exo/endogenous metabolome maneuvered in the large intestine of UVB-exposed mice subjected to dietary GTS. In UVB-exposed mice groups (UVB), class Bacilli and order Bifidobacteriales were observed as discriminant taxa with decreased lysophospholipid levels compared to the unexposed mice groups subjected to normal diet (NOR). Conversely, in GTS fed UVB-exposed mice (U+GTS), the gut-microbiome diversity was greatly enhanced with enrichment in the classes, Clostridia and Erysipelotrichia, as well as genera, Allobaculum and Lachnoclostridium. Additionally, the gut endogenous metabolomes changed with an increase in amino acids, fatty acids, lipids, and bile acids contents coupled with a decrease in nucleobases and carbohydrate levels. The altered metabolomes exhibited high correlations with GTS enriched intestinal microflora. Intriguingly, the various conjugates of green tea catechins viz., sulfated, glucuronided, and methylated ones including their exogenous derivatives were detected from large intestinal contents and liver samples. Hence, we conjecture that the metabolic conversions for the molecular components in GTS strongly influenced the gut micro-environment in UVB-exposed mice groups, ergo modulate their gut-microbiome as well as exo/endogenous metabolomes.
Highlights
The gut microbiome actively mediates the pathogenesis in a myriad of metabolic disorders viz., obesity, diabetes, and inflammatory bowel diseases [1,2,3,4]
We investigated the in vivo mitigation of the detrimental effects of chronic UVB-exposed mice groups (UVB) exposure through green supplements (GTS) on the large intestinal microbial communities and exo/ endogenous metabolomes using mice model
7 out of 46 genera showed differences among the mice groups with UVB triggered an increase in Lactobacillus and Lactococcus, whereas green tea supplements (GTS) induced the enrichment of Allobaculum, Parvibacter, Lachnoclostridium, and two unclassified taxa from Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae families
Summary
The gut microbiome actively mediates the pathogenesis in a myriad of metabolic disorders viz., obesity, diabetes, and inflammatory bowel diseases [1,2,3,4]. The importance of the gut microbiome and the evaluation of its health effects have progressively emerged as an important discipline. The dietary nutrients influence the composition of gut microbial community through providing substrates for microbial metabolism [5]. The compositions of gut microbiota and associated metabolomes have become a focus of research at the intersection of dietary elements and their effects on skin health. Very few studies have highlighted the association between intestinal microbiome states and their correlations with cutaneous disorders. The underlying mechanisms related to the effects of gut microflora on skin homeostasis has remained elusive
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