Abstract
Objective: The main objective of the research work is to evaluate the antityrosinase potential of onion DNA silver nanoparticles (AgNPs).
 Methods: The onions were procured from the local market and DNA was extracted from onions using detergent and methylated spirit. The isolated DNA was selected for synthesis of AgNPs which acts as capping and reducing agent. About 10 ml of the DNA extract was added to 90 ml of 0.1 N silver nitrate solution. After 24 h incubation, the solution turned dark brown, which indicates the formation of AgNPs. The synthesized DNA AgNPs were characterized by ultraviolet-visible, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and dynamic light scattering (DLS) studies.
 Results: The results revealed that the particles were uniform in shape with face-centered cubic structure. The particles are 153±20.4 nm in size and were no signs of agglomeration measured by DLS studies. The FTIR spectroscopy revealed B form of DNA along with strong N-H stretching, C=N stretching, and also asymmetric vibrations of phosphate groups characteristic for DNA molecule. The XRD studies revealed the face-centered cubic structure. SEM studies revealed the spherical structure with average particle size of 150±0.1 nm for single DNA nanoparticles. The onion DNA AgNPs were further investigated for its antityrosinase activity against the standard kojic acid and were to have anticancer potential nearer to the standard.
 Conclusion: From the results, it is evident that the synthesized onion DNA AgNPs have antityrosinase potential and can be further investigated for in vivo anticancer potential in future.
Highlights
DNA nanoparticles are integrated structures that are functionalized due to their synergistic combination of augmented properties
The green synthesis method was followed for the preparation silver DNA nanoparticles where DNA acted as reducing and capping agent to reduce silver nitrate to silver ion that was characterized by various spectrophotometric methods
The change in color is due to electron orientation that results in surface plasmon resonance (SPR) induced by imposition of electromagnetic field [11]
Summary
DNA nanoparticles are integrated structures that are functionalized due to their synergistic combination of augmented properties. The DNA which is genetic material when encapsulated in silver nanoparticle (AgNPs) is a value-added combination leading to their new revolution for potent combined activity [1]. The DNA extraction can be performed by any of three methods such as chemical, physical, or enzymatic degradations and later following a bottom to top approach for the synthesis of DNA-encapsulated AgNPs. The DNA can be obtained from any biological material such as living or conserved tissues, cells, virus particles, or other samples for analytical or preparative purposes [5,6]. The extracted DNA is further integrated into the silver conjugate of nanoparticle using bottom to top approach. The DNA-encapsulated AgNPs are characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS) for particle size, atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for size distribution and shape of nanoparticular structure, etc. [7]
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