Abstract
Bio-based polymeric materials and green routes for their preparation are current issues of many research works. In this work, we used the diisocyanate mixture based on partially bio-based diisocyanate origin and typical petrochemical diisocyanate for the preparation of novel bio-based thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers (bio-TPUs). We studied the influence of the diisocyanate mixture composition on the chemical structure, thermal, thermomechanical, and mechanical properties of obtained bio-TPUs. Diisocyanate mixture and bio-based 1,4-butanediol (as a low molecular chain extender) created bio-based hard blocks (HS). The diisocyanate mixture contained up to 75 wt % of partially bio-based diisocyanate. It is worth mentioning that the structure and amount of HS impact the phase separation, processing, thermal or mechanical properties of polyurethanes. The soft blocks (SS) in the bio-TPU’s materials were built from α,ω-oligo(ethylene-butylene adipate) diol. Hereby, bio-TPUs differed in hard segments content (c.a. 30; 34; 40, and 53%). We found that already increase of bio-based diisocyanate content of the bio-TPU impact the changes in their thermal stability which was measured by TGA. Based on DMTA results we observed changes in the viscoelastic behavior of bio-TPUs. The DSC analysis revealed decreasing in glass transition temperature and melting temperature of hard segments. In general, obtained materials were characterized by good mechanical properties. The results confirmed the validity of undertaken research problem related to obtaining bio-TPUs consist of bio-based hard building blocks. The application of partially bio-based diisocyanate mixtures and bio-based chain extender for bio-TPU synthesis leads to sustainable chemistry. Therefore the total level of “green carbons” increases with the increase of bio-based diisocyanate content in the bio-TPU structure. Obtained results constitute promising data for further works related to the preparation of fully bio-based thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers and development in the field of bio-based polymeric materials.
Highlights
Nowadays, in the production of new polymer materials, renewable or recycled substances are often used, especially in polyurethane synthesis
Based on conducted measurements it was noticed that polyurethanes synthesized using diisocyanate mixture degraded in two independent steps regardless of the amount of bio-based diisocyanate used for preparation diisocyanate mixture
The effect of bio-based diisocyanate amount used in the bio-based thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers preparation is strongly revealed in the results of differential scanning calorimetry and the changes that occurred in the range of hard segments
Summary
In the production of new polymer materials, renewable or recycled substances are often used, especially in polyurethane synthesis. Bio-based isocyanates and polymeric isocyanates are characterized by the significant value of weight equivalent in comparison to conventional counterparts, which is resulted from higher molecular weight substrates for their synthesis This influence is revealed in the course of polymerization and mechanical, thermal, physical, and processing properties, especially of thermoplastics polyurethane elastomers. Obtained by Authors fatty acid based diisocyanates and few different diols were used for thermoplastic polyurethane preparation by a one-step solution polymerization method. TPUs remaining good mechanical properties and with potential for in the hard segment ofwith the bio-based thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers synthesized future processing. The influence of diisocyanate mixture used to obtain thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers, via a non-solvent method, on the chemical structure, thermal, thermomechanical, and mechanical properties was studied
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