Abstract
Cadmium(II) is a common water pollutant with high toxicity. It is of significant importance for detecting aqueous contaminants accurately, as these contaminants are harmful to human health and environment. This paper describes the fabrication, characterization, and application of an environment-friendly graphene (Gr)/l-cysteine/gold electrode to detect trace levels of cadmium (Cd) by differential pulse stripping voltammetry (DPSV). The influence of hydrogen overflow was decreased and the current response was enhanced because the modified graphene extended the potential range of the electrode. The Gr/l-cysteine/gold electrode showed high electrochemical conductivity, producing a marked increase in anodic peak currents (vs. the glass carbon electrode (GCE) and boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode). The calculated detection limits are 1.15, 0.30, and 1.42 µg/L, and the sensitivities go up to 0.18, 21.69, and 152.0 nA·mm−2·µg−1·L for, respectively, the BDD electrode, the GCE, and the Gr/l-cysteine/gold electrode. It was shown that the Gr/l-cysteine/gold-modified electrode is an effective means for obtaining highly selective and sensitive electrodes to detect trace levels of cadmium.
Highlights
Cadmium (Cd) has long been recognized as one of the most notable toxic heavy metals to ecosystems and human health [1,2]
The novel Gr/L-cysteine film was successfully modified on gold microelectrode, and the structure of the microelectrode chip demonstrated the fabrication of this composite electrode
The electrochemical characteristics of the microelectrode during modifications were investigated by cyclic voltammetry in [34]
Summary
Cadmium (Cd) has long been recognized as one of the most notable toxic heavy metals to ecosystems and human health [1,2]. It is important to develop methods for environment-friendly efficient detection of Cd in aqueous solutions, especially at trace levels To address this issue, several nanoparticles have been modified on the surface of electrode based on nanotechnology, which has demonstrated exciting prospects in both chemical and optical determination of Cd(II) over the past decades. Platinum and gold electrodes in different forms and sizes have been widely used as backing material in electrochemical analysis due to their excellent electron transfer kinetics They have been limited to detection in a positive potential range for most heavy metals due to the low hydrogen overvoltage that reduces the cathodic potential window, while the stripping peak of cadmium is comparatively negative. The boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode and the glass carbon electrode (GCE) were examined for Cd measurements, and the results were compared with that of the Gr/L-cys/Au electrode
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