Abstract
This chapter focuses on travel literature. Populist ideology was effective politically when accompanied by a fusion of the pastoral version belonging to both the plebeian and the landlord variants of the agrarian myth. Throughout the sixteenth century, the kind of cultural cosmopolitanism was not only the effect of mixing with other foreigners from similar upper-class socio-economic backgrounds, but also crucial to career advancement in the public/diplomatic service of the nation. The nationalism reinforced by external threat is a commonplace. The Grand Tour undertaken by members of the English landowning class served to establish a sense of affinity with those of an equivalent position in continental Europe. Attempts to broaden the culture of the ruling class did not go unchallenged, either in England or in continental Europe. An unfolding nationalist 'from above' response to the possibility of a 'from below' mobilization was not only populist but also agrarian in character.Keywords: agrarian myth; cosmopolitanism; England; Europe; nationalism; plebeian
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