Abstract
Three consecutive growth experiments were conducted to evaluate growth performance, whole body analyses and protein quality parameters from chicken diets with 50%, 75% and 100% substitution of soybean meal (SBM) by Spirulina meal (SM) or partly defatted Hermetia meal (HM). Each of the experiments was divided into a starter period (1 - 21 d) and a grower period (22 - 34 d). One-day-old male growing chickens (Ross 308) were randomly allotted to 48 floor pens making use of 6 birds/pen (Exp.1) or 7 birds/pen (Exp. 2, 3), and the experiments included a control diet (n = 12) and four experimental diets (n = 9). Experiment 1 examined a 50 % replacement of SBM by the alternative proteins under study, both on a basic and an advanced level of amino acid (AA) fortification to meet the recommended ideal amino acid ratio (IAAR). In experiment 2, 75% (starter diet) and 50% (grower diet) replacement of SBM was investigated. Experiment 3 investigated the effects of complete SBM substitution by SM or HM in starter and grower diets. In the second and third experiment diets with both of the alternative proteins and the control diet were AA supplemented to meet the current IAAR. In a further step, the calculated first limiting AA (LAA) was reduced to 80% of its requirement recommendation to allow for further evaluation of the individual AA efficiency according to the “Goettingen approach”. Different levels (50%, 75%, or 100%) of replacing SBM by HM or SM in chicken diets depressed dietary protein quality (p 0.001) and zoo-technical parameters (p 0.001) with only a basic level of AA supplementation. This effect was much more pronounced in diets with SM. However, with an extended level of dietary AA supplementation zoo-technical parameters (p 0.001), crude protein deposition (p 0.001) and protein quality parameters (p 0.001) were significantly improved. HM diets with an advanced level of AA tended to provide higher dietary protein quality and growth performance as compared to all SBM replacement levels through SM with different levels of AA supplementation and control diets.
Highlights
Soybean meal (SBM) is currently the main protein and amino acid (AA) source to meet requirements in mixed diets for growing chickens
In experiment 1, a significant effect on crude protein (CP) content in dry matter (DM) was only observed between the control and Spirulina meal (SM)+AA diet
Birds fed with the control diet yielded the highest CP content, but not significantly different to the SM+, Hermetia illucens (HM)+ and HM+AA diets
Summary
Soybean meal (SBM) is currently the main protein and amino acid (AA) source to meet requirements in mixed diets for growing chickens. The blue-green alga Spirulina platensis and Hermetia illucens larvae meals are seen as adequate ingredients in poultry diets because of their high protein contents and additional supply of vitamins and minerals [1]-[7]. The larvae of Hermetia are able to utilize a wide range of nutrient sources and develop rapidly between 20 ̊C - 30 ̊C. Both of the alternative proteins have the potential for SBM substitution. Oluokun [11] completely substituted full-fat soybeans by larvae meal from Hermetia illucens in broiler diets without negatively effecting growth performance. Hwangbo et al [13]
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