Abstract
According to Paul and Augustine, the gospel announced a radical redistribution of priestly privilege, since all baptized shared Christ's priestly and royal status. Over several centuries, due to changes in baptismal liturgies, the Pauline–Augustinian conception faded, replaced by an ecclesiology that separated “true” and “metaphorical” priesthoods. During the eleventh century, the Gregorian reform party provided ideological support for the desacralization of laymen and especially lay rulers. By dividing the church between “sacred” priesthood and “secular” laity, the Gregorians laid the foundation stones of modernity and constructed the ecclesio–theological framework of modern theology.
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