Abstract
This chapter examines a class of intermediary spirits existing outside of the Medieval Christian elite, orthodox, theological tradition. The Navigatio Sancti Brendani, medieval Grail legends, Dante’s Inferno, and several centuries worth of exempla literature all suggest that the medieval binary of heaven and hell, blessed and damned, angels and demons, was far more nuanced than most medieval theologians allowed. These medieval authors provide evidence of a long-held belief in “neutral” angels occupying a liminal space in the Christian mind and cosmological map; banished from heaven and barred from hell, they dwelt on mystical islands and could trespass into the world of humans.
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