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Abstract
Increasing evidence shows that, in addition to the classical function of protein processing and transport, the Golgi apparatus (GA) is also involved in apoptosis, one of the most common forms of cell death. The structure and the function of the GA is damaged during apoptosis. However, the specific effect of the GA on the apoptosis process is unclear; it may be involved in initiating or promoting apoptosis, or it may inhibit apoptosis. Golgi-related apoptosis is associated with a variety of neurological diseases including glioma, Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and ischemic stroke. This review summarizes the changes and the possible mechanisms of Golgi structure and function during apoptosis. In addition, we also explore the possible mechanisms by which the GA regulates apoptosis and summarize the potential relationship between the Golgi and certain neurological diseases from the perspective of apoptosis. Elucidation of the interaction between the GA and apoptosis broadens our understanding of the pathological mechanisms of neurological diseases and provides new research directions for the treatment of these diseases. Therefore, we propose that the GA may be a potential therapeutic target for apoptosis-related neurological diseases.
Highlights
Increasing evidence shows that, in addition to the classical function of protein processing and transport, the Golgi apparatus (GA) is involved in apoptosis, one of the most common forms of cell death
This difference obviously reveals that the higher complexity of the Golgi apparatus (GA) structure is required for more complex functions in vertebrates, especially mammals
During Fas-induced apoptosis, GM130 decreases rapidly, accompanied by GA fragmentation (Walker et al, 2004). He et al (2020) found that HSV-1 infectioninduced endothelial cell apoptosis and Golgi fragmentation were significantly reduced after GM130 cleavage was inhibited by the pan-caspase inhibitor, Z-VAD. These results reveal that activated caspases cleave GM130, which might be involved in GA disruption during apoptosis
Summary
Invertebrates, and many protists, Golgi stacks are independent of each other and scattered throughout the cytoplasm. Golgi mini-stacks are laterally fused into a twisted continuous ribbon structure that is maintained at the centrosome and paranuclear position by interaction with microtubules and dynein motors
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