Abstract
teenth and early twentieth centuries, several would truly revolutionize the industry. Cyanidation and flotation would bring quiet but profound changes in milling. The low-grade copper techniques pioneered by Daniel C. Jackling and others would bring bulk handling and the economies of scale to the working of previously unprofitable ores, just at a time when the new electrical and automotive industries were stepping up demands for the red metal. And gold dredging would apply the mass production of Henry Ford's America to placer deposits, again enabling profitable working of ground heretofore untouchable. It was the American West, California in particular, that would develop a highly sophisticated dredge technology, one that would be disseminated in everwidening concentric circles for use throughout the globe. According to a contemporary,
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