The God of Philosophers: An Individual Interpretation of Transcendence and the Problem of Interplay

Abstract

The article discusses the understanding of the Transcendental Beginning in the philosophical teachings of the XIX-XX centuries, which fulfills the function of replacing the deity in them. The authors reveal ad hoc individual motivation for the meeting of a philosopher with the Transcendence. At the same time, it is not always an obvious, sometimes carefully hidden, mutual influence of leading philosophers, which is likely to be contradictory cooperation in polemics reminiscent of theological disputes of the distant past. For every philosopher, what is declared to be universal human values is not conventions, but unshakable constants. At the same time, in a philosophical (as well as in a theological) dispute, they defend even the highest values — universal or divine — as the only possible ones for themselves. The insight into the origin of the world, which gives it a beginning, is considered in the material of the works of A. Schopenhauer, F. Nietzsche, A. Bergson and M. Heidegger (the authors of the article show both similarities and differences in philosophical ideas about the fundamental ontological).