The gluon condensation effect in the cosmic hadron spectra

Abstract

Hardening of cosmic proton- and nuclei-spectra is explained by using the gluon condensation (GC) model, which states that a large amount of gluons in proton may condense near the high energy threshold. The results present the GC-effect as common origin of a series of anomalous astrophysical phenomena including the broken power-law in gamma-ray spectra, the excess in positron- and electron-spectra and hardening of proton- and nuclei-spectra.