Abstract
In 2014, the World Health Organization, the US National Institutes of Health, and global technical partners published a comprehensive roadmap for development of new vaccines against sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Since its publication, progress has been made in several roadmap activities: obtaining better epidemiologic data to establish the public health rationale for STI vaccines, modeling the theoretical impact of future vaccines, advancing basic science research, defining preferred product characteristics for first-generation vaccines, and encouraging investment in STI vaccine development. This article reviews these overarching roadmap activities, provides updates on research and development of individual vaccines against herpes simplex virus, Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Treponema pallidum, and discusses important next steps to advance the global roadmap for STI vaccine development.
Highlights
Vaccines against sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are a major priority for sustainable global STI control
This article presents an overview of key overarching activities undertaken to date to advance the STI vaccine roadmap in the following areas: obtaining better epidemiologic data, modeling the impact of STI vaccines, advancing basic science research, defining preferred product characteristics, and encouraging investment in STI vaccine development
herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infection was added to conditions evaluated in the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2013, which estimated that HSV-2 infection resulted in 311,600 years lived with disability (YLD) in 2013 from genital ulcer disease alone [16]
Summary
Vaccines against sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are a major priority for sustainable global STI control. Development of new STI vaccines is critical because of the large number of infections worldwide, the resulting adverse sexual, reproductive and maternal-child health outcomes, and important limitations of existing STI interventions. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 357million new cases of curable STIs occurred in 2012 worldwide, including Chlamydia trachomatis (chlamydia), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (gonorrhea), Treponema pallidum (syphilis), and Trichomonas vagi-nalis (trichomoniasis) infections [1]. Chlamydia screening programs for young women have been difficult to bring to scale in high-income countries and by themselves, without a strong focus on partner treatment, have not resulted in clear reductions in sexual transmission of chlamydia infections [10]. While efforts to scale up existing interventions continue, these challenges highlight the need for ongoing work toward STI vaccine development
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