Abstract
Bacteriophages are the viruses of bacteria, which have contributed extensively to our understanding of life and modern biology. The phage-mediated bacterial growth inhibition represents immense untapped source for novel antimicrobials. Insights into the interaction between mycobacteriophage and Mycobacterium host will inform better utilizing of mycobacteriophage. In this study, RNA sequencing technology (RNA-seq) was used to explore the global response of Mycobacterium smegmatis mc2155 at an early phase of infection with mycobacteriophage SWU1, key host metabolic processes of M. smegmatis mc2155 shut off by SWU1, and the responsible phage proteins. The results of RNA-seq were confirmed by Real-time PCR and functional assay. 1174 genes of M. smegmatis mc2155 (16.9% of the entire encoding capacity) were differentially regulated by phage infection. These genes belong to six functional categories: (i) signal transduction, (ii) cell energetics, (iii) cell wall biosynthesis, (iv) DNA, RNA, and protein biosynthesis, (v) iron uptake, (vi) central metabolism. The transcription patterns of phage SWU1 were also characterized. This study provided the first global glimpse of the reciprocal reprogramming between the mycobacteriophage and Mycobacterium host.
Highlights
Bacteriophages, the viruses of bacteria with an estimated size of 1031 in the biosphere (Whitman et al, 1998), represent an enormous resource for biomedicine and biotechnology, as seen by the growing interest in their therapeutic and food safety applications (García et al, 2008; Monk et al, 2010)
We used RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and functional assay to characterize the reciprocal reprogramming between SWU1 and Mycobacterium, with special aim to unveil how mycobacteriophages usurp the biomolecular machinery of their mycobacterial host
There are a great number of mycobacteriophages sequenced by Graham Hatfulls group (Pope et al, 2015)
Summary
Bacteriophages, the viruses of bacteria with an estimated size of 1031 in the biosphere (Whitman et al, 1998), represent an enormous resource for biomedicine and biotechnology, as seen by the growing interest in their therapeutic and food safety applications (García et al, 2008; Monk et al, 2010). Insights into the evolutionary arms race between phage and bacterium have revealed many new molecular machineries such as the widespread bacterial defense system called CRISPR/Cas, Interaction between SWU1 and Mycobacteria which in turn has inspired revolutionary genome editing tools (Barrangou et al, 2007), and exciting novel approaches for antimicrobials discovery (Liu et al, 2004; Samaddar et al, 2016).Well-characterized bacteria hosts,including Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimirium, and Bacillus subtilis, have made significant contribution to the understanding of factors essential for phage replication, assembly, and lysis (Young, 2013; Sun et al, 2014). We used RNA-seq and functional assay to characterize the reciprocal reprogramming between SWU1 and Mycobacterium, with special aim to unveil how mycobacteriophages usurp the biomolecular machinery of their mycobacterial host
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