The Glaciation of the Southern part of the Lake-District and the Glacial Origin of the Lake-basins of Cumberland and Westmoreland

Abstract

Introduction .—In my paper on the “Glaciation of the Northern part of the Lake-district ”*, I endeavoured to show that at the period of maximum glaciation all the main-valley glaciers were more or less confluent, and that thus the country was enveloped in an almost continuous ice-sheet, which moved, in the northern part of the district, mainly from north to south. In PL VII. C is a continuation southwards of the glacial map brought forward in the previous papers; and a few words must first be said about the distribution of ice-scratches south of the great east-and-west watershed of the district and its import†. I. T rend of the I ce-Scratches and its i mport . The first glance at the map (P1. VII. C) shows that, as in the case of the northern part of the district, the general direction of the arrows points to a great system of valley-glaciers more or less confluent with one another. One or two exceptional directions will be mentioned presently. a. Wastdale .—From Scafell Pikes (49)as a centre, there are scratches pointing downwards, from heights above 2500 feet, to the north into Wastdale, and to the south into Eskdale. From the head of Mosedale, beneath the Pillar Mountain (24) ‡ and Red Pike (67), there is a similar series, and from the double valley between Yew-barrow (43) and Middle Fell (42). Upon Buckbarrow (41) there are scratches pointing with the valley at a height of 1250 feet; and at a height of 1600 feet, north of and between Buckbarrow (41)