Abstract
To assess the impact of the online car-hailing services on the environment in China, in this paper, we develop a model to evaluate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and emission reduction during the production and use of car-hailing, as a result of increased online bookings. Since energy use differs according to type of vehicle, this paper also contains different scenarios that depict degrees in the regulation stringency according to the Chinese Preliminary Rules on the Management of Online Car-Hailing, regional differences, and development of electric vehicles. The results show that, under the three different scenarios, the online car-hailing service would have the highest GHG emissions of 325, 413, or 160 MtCO2 and the highest reduction in emissions of 19.46, 25.1, or 9.48 MtCO2 by 2030. The government needs to encourage the development of online car-hailing to reduce the purchase of private cars, avoid compulsory actions to shut down online car-hailing platforms, and mandate that only electric vehicles (EVs) can be used for online car-hailing.
Highlights
By establishing a greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions assessment model, three scenarios, reflecting possible trajectories of online car-hailing in China through to 2030, were developed
Considering the energy and material consumptions in the vehicle production and operation stages, GHG emissions from online car-hailing services will be at maximums of 325, 413, or 160 MtCO2 and emissions will be reduced by a maximum of 19.46, 25.1, or
The substitution of online car-hailing for new car purchases is raising the level of the emission reductions
Summary
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. As of July 2018, the number of operating licenses for major online cab platforms, such as China Tricycle, Shenzhou Taxi, Shou Taxi, and E-Car, was far from adequate This reflects the inadequate implementation of local government policies. (2) Considering the energy and material consumption in vehicle production, what are the long-term GHG emissions and emission reductions of online car-hailing services, and how do the PRMOCH standards affect them? (2) it considers the energy and material consumption in the production stage of online car-hailing when estimating GHG emissions, and (3) it analyzes the long-term development and the market penetration of online car-hailing, based on different scenarios, including different degrees of PRMOCH stringency, regional differences, and future developments of EVs. The remainder of the paper is organized as follows: Section 2 introduces the model and policy scenarios.
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