THE GERMAN WINGED WORDS IN MODERN BELARUSIAN (THE AMOUNT AND THE ORIGIN)

Abstract

The article reveals the main properties of winged words, as well as the amount and the sources of winged words borrowed from German into the modern Belarusian literary language.The sources of origin of the winged words are subdivided into singular (primary and secondary) and complex.Primary sources include borrowings of winged words from the German sources exclusively. The primary sources of origin have winged words borrowed from original German sources only (literary texts and the works of folklore, mass communication texts, the names of artworks, the sayings of famous people, anonymous literary texts, the nicknames of famous people and literary characters). Literary texts as the sources of winged words include fiction works (prose works are a novel, a short story; poetic works are a poem, drama, a verse, an epigram; tragedy and drama are dramatic works), biographical works, journalistic works, philosophical works, scientific and popular science works, the texts of musical works (a song, a libretto), etc.Secondary sources promoted the spread of winged words from German and other sources. The secondary origins of the winged words are not original. The main sources of the expressions that have become winged due to their use in secondary sources can be either German (oral-colloquial texts, literary works, anonymous literary texts) or non-German sources (literary and folklore works, the sayings of famous people).Complex (two or more) sources are represented by two diachronic patterns: «Non-German + German», «Non-German + German + Non-German». The author gives special attention to the amount and the origin of those winged words, which came into Belarusian language from non-German sources via German throughout the history.