Abstract
Abstract Both “Southwest” Neo-Kantianism, led by Wilhelm Windelband and Heinrich Rickert, and “Marburg” Neo-Kantianism, represented in the first generation by Hermann Cohen and in the second by Ernst Cassirer, developed idealist epistemologies while firmly rejecting any reduction of matter to mind, or idealist metaphysics. Both Windelband and especially Cassirer emphasized the constructive activities of the human mind, in Cassirer’s case through “symbolic forms,” in many areas, not just natural science, and thus broadened Kantian epistemology. Cassirer in particular argued against seeing natural or any other science as having reached a final stage. Through figures like Rudolph Carnap and Hans Reichenbach, Neo-Kantianism permeated analytic philosophy even when its role is often not recognized.
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