The german pressure vessel code—Philosophy and safety aspects

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to summarise the philosophy and the safety aspects of the German pressure vessel code. Emphasis is laid upon material selection, design, manufacture and inspection. The AD specifications, which are embedded in the German regulation for the prevention of accidents ‘Pressure Vessels’ are compiled primarily to give a measure of safety to the average plant. The possible types of failure are discussed in connection with design aspects. It is shown in detail how the AD specifications count for inelastic material behaviour. A comparison is also made between the German code and the ASME boiler and pressure vessel code. Comparatively, the allowable stresses due to the German code are higher, leading to thinner walls in many cases. This is compensated for by rigorous inspection and non-destructive testing during manufacture. Regular examinations round up the system of safety. It is concluded that the German code gives a high degree of safety and flexibility to the manufacturer.