Abstract
The Vathi porphyry Cu-Au ± Mo mineralization is located in the Serbo-Macedonian metallogenic province of the Western Tethyan Metallogenic Belt. It is mainly hosted by a latite and is genetically associated with a quartz monzonite intrusion, which intruded the basement rocks of the Vertiskos Unit and the latite, 18 to 17 Ma ago. A phreatic breccia crosscuts the latite. The quartz monzonite was affected by potassic alteration, whereas the latite was subjected to local propylitic alteration. Both styles of alteration were subsequently overprinted by intense sericitic alteration. M-type and A-type veins are spatially associated with potassic alteration, whereas D-type veins are related to the sericitic alteration. Three ore assemblages are associated with the porphyry stage: (1) pyrite + chalcopyrite + bornite + molybdenite + magnetite associated with potassic alteration; (2) pyrite + chalcopyrite related to propylitic alteration; and (3) pyrite + chalcopyrite + native gold ± tetradymite associated with sericitic alteration. A fourth assemblage consisting of sphalerite + galena + arsenopyrite + pyrrhotite + pyrite ± stibnite ± tennantite is related to an epithermal overprint. Fluid inclusion data indicate that the A-type veins and related porphyry-style mineralization formed at 390–540 °C and pressures of up to 646 bars (<2.6 km depth) from boiling hydrothermal fluids. A later condensation of vapor-rich inclusions resulted in a moderately saline fluid (8.4–11.2 wt % NaCl equiv) at temperatures between 311 and 392 °C, which were related to sericitic alteration, D-type veins, and associated metallic mineralization. Subsequent dilution of the moderately saline fluid at lower temperatures (205–259 °C) produced a less saline (1.4–2.9 wt % NaCl equiv.) fluid, which is likely associated with the late epithermal overprint.
Highlights
In northern Greece, the Serbo-Macedonian metallogenic province (SMMP), and the adjacent Rhodope metallogenic province, are part of the Western Tethyan metallogenic belt
Throughout the Greek part of the SMMP, several deposits and prospects are enriched in Cu and Au as well as in several critical metals and metalloids, such as Sb, W, Te, Bi, Ga, Co, Ag, rare earth elements (REE; e.g., La, Ce, Gd), and platinum group metals (PGM; e.g., Pd, Pt, Ru) [5,6,10,11,12,13,14,15] (Figure 1)
The magmatic complex at Vathi was emplaced during post-subduction tectonic extension
Summary
In northern Greece, the Serbo-Macedonian metallogenic province (SMMP), and the adjacent Rhodope metallogenic province, are part of the Western Tethyan metallogenic belt. According to Kockel et al [19], 48 ore deposits (e.g., porphyry, epithermal and replacement types) occur in the Vertiskos Unit and the adjacent Kerdylion Unit that are genetically associated with the Oligocene-Miocene magmatism (Figure 2). Several porphyry (e.g., Skouries, Fisoka), epithermal (e.g., Vina), and skarn/carbonate replacement (e.g., Olympias) deposits and prospects are distributed in an area of approximately 480 km2 [6,8,20,38] (Figure 2) Most of these deposits are spatially associated with intrusions that were emplaced in a narrow belt at an extensional tectonic setting, which is localized by the Kerdylion detachment fault and the Stratoni and Megali Panaghia-Gomati normal to oblique faults [30]. The polymetallic Laodikino and Stanos Cu-Au-Sb-Bi-Te quartz vein deposits are hosted in shear zones, and the Rizana vein-type Sb prospect (active underground mining until the late 1950s produced 22.5 Mt of ore grading up to 40% Sb) are typical examples of these deposits and prospects [12,13,41]
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