Abstract
Thermomicrobium roseum (ATCC 27502) is the sole representative of a phylogenetically distinct branch of the eubacteria. It is an obligately thermophilic organism originally isolated from the effluent of a hot spring in Yellowstone National Park, WY (Jackson et al., 1973). T. roseum has been grouped with the green nonsulfur (GNS) bacteria based on ribosomal RNA sequence comparisons (Oyaizu et al., 1987). Herpetosiphon and Chloroflexus,the other representatives in this branch (Fig. 1), are markedly different phenotypically from T. roseum. Although the GNS bacteria share some common ribosomal characters they are the progeny of a deep phylogenetic divergence (Gibson et al., 1985); Herpetosiphon is a mesophile and more rapidly evolving than either Chloroflexus or Thermomicrobium. The deepest branching in eubacterial evolution is predominantly represented by thermophiles (Fig. 1), and these organisms evolved more slowly than the mesophiles. They have consequently retained more of their ancestral character (Achenbach-Richter et al., 1987).
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