The genus Agave in agroforestry systems of Mexico

Abstract

Background: The genus Agave L. is recognized for its wide distribution in Mexican ecosystems. Species have been described as multipurpose as part of agroforestry systems (AFS). There has not been a systematized, detailed analysis about its richness in AFS nor their ecological, economic, and cultural relevance.
 Questions: What is the Agave richness in Mexican AFS? What is their ecological, agronomical, economic, and cultural relevance? What are the risks and perspectives for strengthening their role in AFS?
 Species studied: 31 Agave species in Mexican AFS.
 Study site and dates: AFS throughout the Mexican territory. January to August 2018.
 Methods: Systematization of published information, scientific reports, repositories, and our fieldwork, was performed. The database “The genus Agave in AFS of Mexico” was created, containing information about Agave richness in AFS, ecological, economic, and cultural relevance, as well as the current and future perspectives of the AFS they are included in.
 Results: We recorded 31 species with 22 uses that were part of AFS practices (hedgerows, boundaries and live fences), in home gardens, terraces, and agroforests in temperate, semiarid, and sub-humid regions, managed by 12 cultural groups. The main benefits of agaves are soil retention, infiltration of water, and satisfaction of socio-economic and cultural needs. The decrease of multipurpose species and functions was observed in relation with the commercialization of mezcal.
 Conclusions: There has been ample recognition of AFS as settings for conservation and use of Agave, as well as the importance of the knowledge and management practices associated to agave species in AFS.