Abstract
BackgroundThe opioid use disorder and overdose crisis in the United States affects public health as well as social and economic welfare. While several genetic and non-genetic risk factors for opioid use disorder have been identified, many of the genetic associations have not been independently replicated, and it is not well understood how these factors interact. This study is designed to evaluate relationships among these factors prospectively to develop future interventions to help prevent or treat opioid use disorder.MethodsThe Genomics of Opioid Addiction Longitudinal Study (GOALS) is a prospective observational study assessing the interplay of genetic and non-genetic by collecting comprehensive genetic and non-genetic information on 400 participants receiving medication for opioid use disorder. Participants will be assessed at four time points over 1 year. A saliva sample will be collected for large-scale genetic data analyses. Non-genetic assessments include validated surveys measuring addiction severity, depression, anxiety, and adverse childhood experiences, as well as treatment outcomes such as urine toxicology results, visit frequency, and number of pre and post-treatment overdoses extracted from electronic medical records.DiscussionWe will use these complex data to investigate the relative contributions of genetic and non-genetic risk factors to opioid use disorder and related treatment outcomes.
Highlights
The opioid use disorder and overdose crisis in the United States affects public health as well as social and economic welfare
While population studies have demonstrated an inherent risk for developing substance use disorder based on genetic [3, 4] and non-genetic factors [5], the underlying question of why some develop an Opioid use disorder (OUD) and others do not is largely unresolved
Prescription rates peaked in 2010 with 81.2 opioid prescriptions for every 100 Americans [8]. Following this increase in prescription rates, the production of even more powerful opioids such as non-pharmaceutical fentanyl (NPF) and other synthetic opioids accelerated the rate of OUD and opioidrelated overdose death by 2013 [9, 10]
Summary
The Genomics of Opioid Addiction Longitudinal Study (GOALS) is a prospective observational study assessing the interplay of genetic and non-genetic by collecting comprehensive genetic and non-genetic information on 400 participants receiving medication for opioid use disorder. Participants will be assessed at four time points over 1 year. A saliva sample will be collected for large-scale genetic data analyses. Non-genetic assessments include validated surveys measuring addiction severity, depression, anxiety, and adverse childhood experiences, as well as treatment outcomes such as urine toxicology results, visit frequency, and number of pre and post-treatment overdoses extracted from electronic medical records
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