Abstract

Macrofungus is defined as the fungus that grows an observable sporocarp. The sporocarps of many species are commonly called mushrooms and consumed by people all around the world as food and/or medicine. Most macrofungi belong to the divisions Basidiomycetes and Ascomycetes, which are estimated to contain more than 80,000 species in total. We report the draft genome assemblies of macrofungi (83 Basidiomycetes species and 7 Ascomycetes species) based on Illumina sequencing. The genome sizes of these species ranged from 27.4 Mb (Hygrophorus russula) to 202.2 MB (Chroogomphus rutilus). The numbers of protein-coding genes were predicted in the range of 9,511 (Hygrophorus russula) to 52,289 (Craterellus lutescens). This study provides the largest genomic dataset for macrofungi species. This resource will facilitate the artificial cultivation of edible mushrooms and the discovery of novel drug candidates.

Highlights

  • Macrofungus is defined as the fungus that grows an observable sporocarp

  • Despite the importance in drug discovery, the majority of macrofungi species could not be thoroughly researched in the laboratory partly due to the lack of reference genomes

  • The numbers of SSRs range from 1,222 (Laetiporus sulphureus) to 30,904 (Tuber calosporum). We believe this genome dataset will be a useful tool for various molecular investigations to promote biology-based medicine and agriculture research

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Summary

Result

Genome assembly and evaluation of the completeness of genome assembly. We used platanus to assemble all genomes[11]. The result shows that the proportions of complete BUSCOS of the 90 species were in the range of 69.3% to 98.6%. All related BUSCO results were shown in Supplementary Table S1. We used multiple methods to annotate the protein-coding genes for all 90 genomes, including de novo predictions and homology-based predictions. We used the protein sets of eight fungal species for every macrofungus genome (Please see Supplementary Table S2 for details). The result shows that the numbers of the protein-coding genes were mostly in the range of 9,511 to 39,074. Microsatellites, known as simple sequence repeats (SSRs), are composed of 1 to 6 nucleotide repeats in tandem These genomic features contain important information of phenotypic diversity and genome organization[22]. The numbers of SSRs range from 1,222 (Laetiporus sulphureus) to 30,904 (Tuber calosporum)

Discussion
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