Abstract
Ophiognomonia clavigignenti-juglandacearum (Oc-j) is a plant pathogenic fungus that causes canker and branch dieback diseases in the hardwood tree butternut, Juglans cinerea. Oc-j is a member of the order of Diaporthales, which includes many other plant pathogenic species, several of which also infect hardwood tree species. In this study, we sequenced the genome of Oc-j and achieved a high-quality assembly and delineated its phylogeny within the Diaporthales order using a genome-wide multi-gene approach. We also further examined multiple gene families that might be involved in plant pathogenicity and degradation of complex biomass, which are relevant to a pathogenic life-style in a tree host. We found that the Oc-j genome contains a greater number of genes in these gene families compared to other species in the Diaporthales. These gene families include secreted CAZymes, kinases, cytochrome P450, efflux pumps, and secondary metabolism gene clusters. The large numbers of these genes provide Oc-j with an arsenal to cope with the specific ecological niche as a pathogen of the butternut tree.
Highlights
Ophiognomonia clavigignenti-juglandacearum (Oc-j) is an Ascomycetous fungus in the family Gnomoniaceae and order Diaporthales
We found that the Oc-j genome contains a remarkably large repertoire of secondary metabolism gene clusters, when compared to the closely related C. parasitica and the Chrysoporthe species (Fig. 3; Table S1)
When compared to all species included in this study, we found that Oc-j has the third highest number of clusters, only after D. longicolla and Melanconium sp.; when normalized by total gene number in each species, Oc-j is shown to have 6.4 secondary metabolism gene clusters per 1,000 genes, the highest among all species included in this study
Summary
Ophiognomonia clavigignenti-juglandacearum (Oc-j) is an Ascomycetous fungus in the family Gnomoniaceae and order Diaporthales. Like many of the other species within the Diaporthales, Oc-j is a canker pathogen, and is known to infect the hardwood butternut (Juglans cinerea) (Fig. 1). The Diaporthales order is composed of 13 families (Voglmayr, Castlebury & Jaklitsch, 2017), which include several plant pathogens, saprophytes, and enodphytes (Rossman, Farr & Castlebury, 2007). Numerous tree diseases are caused by members of this order. These diseases include dogwood anthracnose (Discula destructiva), How to cite this article Wu G, Schuelke TA, Iriarte G, Broders K. The genome of the butternut canker pathogen, Ophiognomonia clavigignenti-juglandacearum shows an elevated number of genes associated with secondary metabolism and protection from host resistance responses.
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