Abstract
SummaryJapanese cedar pollinosis is an allergic disease characterized by sneezing and itchy and watery eyes in persons with a specific immunoglobulin (Ig)E antibody to this allergen. Since 1960, the prevalence of Japanese cedar pollinosis has greatly increased in Japan. Both environmental and host factors contribute strongly to the pathogenesis of allergic disorders such as allergic rhinitis. The best‐established risk factor for nasal allergy is family history of allergy, especially nasal allergy. Susceptibility genes are genes in which only a few mutational changes may lead to sensitivity to certain diseases. Japanese cedar or orchard grass pollinosis may be diseases of this type, related to the haplotype of human leukocyte antigen. Recent studies of susceptibility genes of allergic diseases have focused on the IgE receptor gene, which is closely related to the pathogenesis of allergic diseases, interleukin (IL)‐4, IL‐4 receptor and interferon genes, which are concerned with the Th2‐ and Th1‐immune responses. However, these susceptibility genes exhibit different behaviours in different ethnic populations and their contribution to conferring disease is not yet established. In addition, allergic rhinitis, especially pollinosis, may be strongly influenced by environmental factors.
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