The Genetic Structure of Nilaparvata lugens (Stal.) in Java Populations

Ruth Martha Winnie,I Nyoman Widiarta,Aunu Rauf,Rika Raffiudin

doi:10.4308/hjb.27.4.330

Abstract

The brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens (Stal.) causes hopperburn in the rice field. The wing macropterous adults of this insect have capability for long distance flight. We aimed to analyze the genetic structure of six N. lugens populations in Java inferred from the combined COI-COII mitochondrial and ten loci of microsatellites markers. This study found low levels of nucleotides and high levels of haplotype diversity of the planthopper. The demographic test might indicate the genetic bottleneck history of N. lugens population in Java. The genetic diversity analyzed by using microsatellite markers also showed high levels of heterozygosity (Ho>He) that indicated an isolated-breaking effect in the six populations in Java. Moreover, we found a homogenous genetic structure of N. lugens based on pairwise fixation indices (Fst) analyzes that appears to be maintained by high levels of gene flow and showed no correlation between genetic and geographical distance. Importantly, these studies also support accurate information of widely distributed and genetically intermixed among N. lugens across Asia populations. Thus, our results support the theory of long-distance migration among N. lugenspopulations. The genetic structure information of N. lugens in Java could support regional management, such as the new controlling strategies based on forecasting systems.

Highlights

Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) is an important insect planthopper of the rice ecosystem in three regions of Asia, i.e. South, East, and Southeast (IRRI 2009)
The genetic diversity of N. lugens in Java based on the combined COI and COI sequences, showed low levels nucleotide diversity (π) and high levels haplotype diversity (h)
This genetic diversity based of two types of molecular marker indicated that the N. lugens population in Java had reached stability in gene frequency (Sun et al 2015) that was analyzed in Laodelphax striatelluss (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) from China

Summary

Introduction

Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) is an important insect planthopper of the rice ecosystem in three regions of Asia, i.e. South, East, and Southeast (IRRI 2009). The large number of N. lugens can destroy crops, which the condition called hopperburn. The N. lugens population is showed susceptible rice varieties and wing form response (Iwanaga et al 1987). Imago of N. lugens has two forms of wings, i.e. bracypterous (short wings) and macroptereous (long wings). The long wings form is triggered by high number of individual in the population, which causes long-distance movement behavior to survive their generations (Denno and Roderick 1990; Denno et al 1991). The movement of N. lugens in South, East, and Southeast Asia (not including Indonesia) has been investigated by using meteorological and molecular

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