Abstract
Lymphatic filariasis, caused by lymphatic filarial parasites, Wuchereria bancrofti, and Brugia malayi, causes significant morbidity and disability to 120 million people in the tropics and subtropics. Chitin has an important role for embryogenesis in adult worms and is a component of microfilaria sheath. Human chitotriosidase (CHIT1) is a chitin-degrading enzyme which provides a protective role against chitin-containing pathogens. Here, we determined the association of CHIT1 polymorphisms with susceptibility to bancroftian filariasis (BF) in 88 individuals at the Thai–Myanmar border. Two common polymorphisms of CHIT1, contributing inactive CHIT protein, including 24 base pair (24 bp) duplication in exon 10, and p. G102S in exon 4 were genotyped by allele-specific Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and PCR sequencing, respectively. Unexpectedly, genotype frequencies of 24 bp duplication insertion homozygous (INS/INS) were significantly higher in endemic normal (EN) (40.0%) than BF patients (31.4%). In contrast, genotype frequencies of p. G102S homozygous (A/A) in BF patients (21.6%) was higher than in EN (19.0%) without statistical difference. Mutant allele frequencies of 24 bp duplication were 0.6125 (98/160) and p. G102S were 0.392 (69/176). Genotype and allele frequencies of CHIT1, 24 bp duplication, and p. G102S, showed no association with BF patients.
Highlights
Lymphatic filariasis is considered as a neglected tropical disease (NTD) targeted to eliminate by2020 [1]
Males and females were comparable in both bancroftian filariasis (BF) patients and endemic normal (EN) groups
The variability of prevalence and clinical outcomes of lymphatic filariasis are affected by socioeconomic status, personal activities, age, gender and host genetics [2,3,4]
Summary
Lymphatic filariasis is considered as a neglected tropical disease (NTD) targeted to eliminate by2020 [1]. Lymphatic filariasis is considered as a neglected tropical disease (NTD) targeted to eliminate by. The disease is a mosquito-borne disease caused by lymphatic filarial parasites, including. Chronic infection with mosquito-transmitted filarial worms leads to lymphatic dysfunction, resulting in enlargement of body parts, causing pain, severe disability, and social stigma. There are two species of lymphatic filarial parasites in Thailand, i.e., W. bancrofti (at the Thai–Myanmar border), and B. malayi (at the Thai–Malaysia border) [2]. The differential susceptibility of lymphatic filariasis is affected by socioeconomic status, personal activities, age, gender, and host genetics [2,3,4]. Several studies have demonstrated the association of polymorphisms of host defense pathway genes with susceptibility and clinical outcomes of bancroftian filariasis (BF). Polymorphisms of mannose-binding lectin (MBL), vascular endothelial growth factor
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