Abstract
The general conditions for reducing the third-order transfer function of a twin-T by one are derived using Euclid's algorithm. The conditions presently used impose narrower constraints than necessary on the twin-T, thus leaving fewer free parameters to optimize the circuit. With the new method the zeros of the twin-T transfer function can be placed in both the left- and the right-half s-plane. The advantages of the twin-T with additional free parameters in second-order RC-active filters are appreciable. For example, in the medium-selectivity frequency-emphasizing network (MSFEN), the gain needed to realize a given pole Q may be up to 70 times smaller than that required with previous methods, while the stability of the pole is improved typically by a factor of 2. Thus, an MSFEN with the general second-order twin-T is capable of realizing a wider range of pole Q's than was possible previously, while the sensitivity of the pole Q is reduced.
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