The gender features of disorders of composition of lipids of blood serum in patients with chronic pathology of kidneys.

Abstract

The purpose of the study was to investigate gender features of abnormalities of blood serum lipid composition and their relationship with clinical and functional manifestations in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The study covered patients with CKD at pre-dialysis stage of disease, aged 17 - 71 years (average age 37.3±13.0 years). All patients underwent complex clinical and laboratory examination. Depending on gender, the sample (n = 417) was divided into 2 groups: group I - males (n = 277) and group II - females (n = 140). Blood sampling was implemented using venipuncture of ulnar vein after 12-14 hours of fasting in morning time. The lipid analysis of blood serum was performed using the auto-analyzer "Respons 920" (Germany), including detection of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglycerides (TG). The atherogenic index (AI) was calculated according formula: AI = (TC - HDL-C)/HDL-C. At analysis of the results of lipidogram, the levels of TC (hypercholesterolemia), LDL-C (hyper-beta-cholesterolemia) and TG (hypertriglyceridemia) were considered as increased when their values were ≥5.0 mmol/L, ≥3.0 mmol/L and > 1.7 mmol/L respectively. The level of HDL cholesterol (hypo-alpha-cholesterolemia) was considered as decreased when its concentration was ≤1.0 mmol/L in males and ≤1.2 mmol/L in females. In the group of male patients, hypo-alpha-cholesterolemia was detected in 135 patients (48.7%), hypertriglyceridemia - in 162 (58.4%), and average value of atherogenic index was significantly higher - 3.49 (2.43-5.08) as compared with 3.12 (2.12-3.74) in female patients (p=0.001). The laboratory signs of anemia were significantly more frequent in group of females - 53 (37.8%) as compared with 63 (22.7%) than in males (p = 0.001). In males, average values of HDL cholesterol and total serum protein were significantly lower (1.07 ± 0.44 mmol/L vs. 1.23 ± 0.42, p = 0.000 and 53.3 ± 14.6 g/L vs. 57.4 ± 11.9 g/L, p = 0.007, respectively. The levels of TG - 1.92 (1.23-2.74) mmol/L vs. 1.85 (1.04-2.37); p = 0.034], sodium (140.3 ± 6.20 mmol/L vs. 138.3 ± 6.01 mmol/L, p = 0.010) and uric acid in blood serum were significantly higher (0.38 ± 0,09 mmol/L vs. 0.34 ± 0.01 mmol/L, p = 0.003) as compared with females. In the group II (females), a noticeable slowing of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) - 68,4 (43,6-98,1) ml/min vs. 87,6 (55,0 - 117,6) ml/min; (p = 0.001) was detected as compared with group I (males). Among male patients, a reliably significant positive relationship was established between TC and BMI, level of diastolic blood pressure and proteinuria; LDL cholesterol level and proteinuria; concentration of TG - and BMI, level of diastolic blood pressure and level of proteinuria. No correlation was established between the concentration of HDL-cholesterol and aforementioned laboratory markers of CKD. In contrast with males, in females, TC demonstrated an inverse relationship with the concentration of Hb, values of GFR and proteinuria, and level of HDL cholesterol - with indices of BMI, thrombocytes and uric acid of blood serum. In females a positive relationship was established between LDL cholesterol and level of diastolic blood pressure, GFR and daily proteinuria, and also between concentration of serum TG and volume of daily proteinuria and BMI. In general group, a reliable positive relationship was detected between TC and BMI and proteinuria, between LDL-C level and proteinuria, and between TG concentration and BMI, level of diastolic blood pressure, sodium content and proteinuria. The negative relationship was established between concentration of HDL cholesterol and BMI and uric acid in blood plasma, and TG level with Hb concentration. In male patients with CKD at pre-dialysis stage of disease, decreasing of level of HDL cholesterol was established as an increased concentration of TG and increasing atherogenic index. The content of triglyceride of blood serum is closely related to body mass index, level of diastolic blood pressure and proteinuria. In females, slowing of glomerular filtration rate is accompanied by development of anemia and atherogenic dyslipidemia.