Abstract
Acanthus ilicifolius (Acanthaceae), a mangrove medicinal plant, is widely used by the local inhabitants of the Sundarbans (India) to treat a variety of diseases. As a part of our continued search for novel bioactive products from mangrove medicinal plants, we were able to document the anti-inflammatory effects of this plant. In the present study, we have performed a detailed evaluation of the gastroprotective activity of the methanolic extract of Acanthus ilicifolius using different models of gastric ulceration. Unlike the conventional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, a methanolic extract of Acanthus ilicifolius leaves (MEAL) possessing significant anti-inflammatory properties, as revealed from our previous studies displayed in rats in dosages of 200 mg and 400 mg/kg BW after intraperitoneal administration, showed significant protective activity (anti-ulcer activity) against the gastric lesions induced by aspirin, indomethacin, stress, ethanol, and pylorus ligation. In pylorus-ligated rats, administration of Methanolic extract of Acanthus ilicifolius leaves (MEAL) significantly decreased gastric volume, acidity, and peptic activity. Moreover, pre-treatment with MEAL significantly restored the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX), along with significant inhibition of both lipid peroxidation and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in pylorus-ligated animals. Ulceration induced with ethanol was significantly inhibited with MEAL, and the extract also resulted in the reduction of both lipid peroxidation and myeloperoxidase activity. Furthermore, in this experimental model, administration of MEAL improved the activities of SOD, CAT, GSH, and GPX. A similar pattern of action was also noticed in cold-restraint stress-induced (CRS) ulceration, where MEAL pre-treatment inhibited CRS-induced ulceration, improved the status of antioxidant enzymes, and also reduced the level of lipid peroxides. These results suggest that extracts of the leaves of Acanthus ilicifolius may exhibit anti-ulcer activities additional to the anti-inflammatory properties.
Highlights
Acanthus ilicifolius Linn. (Acanthaceae) is a spiny herb of the mangrove species, distributed widely throughout Southeast Asia
The animals were sacrificed after one hour under ether anesthesia and the stomachs were washed with cold saline and examined for the ulcer index microscopically [20]
Estimation of biochemical parameters The stomachs were washed with normal saline and cut into small pieces and homogenized in a Potter-Elvehjem glass homogenizer in ice cold 0.15 M KCl to obtain a 20% homogenate. This homogenate was used for the determination of different biochemical parameters such as hexosamine, lipid peroxidation (LPO), GSH, superoxide dismutase (SOD), CAT, glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and MPO
Summary
Acanthus ilicifolius Linn. (Acanthaceae) is a spiny herb of the mangrove species, distributed widely throughout Southeast Asia. The animals were sacrificed after one hour under ether anesthesia and the stomachs were washed with cold saline and examined for the ulcer index microscopically [20]. Estimation of biochemical parameters The stomachs were washed with normal saline and cut into small pieces and homogenized in a Potter-Elvehjem glass homogenizer in ice cold 0.15 M KCl to obtain a 20% homogenate This homogenate was used for the determination of different biochemical parameters such as hexosamine, LPO, GSH, SOD, CAT, GPX, and MPO. The assay system was prepared by mixing the homogenate with 50mM sodium acetate buffer (pH 5.25), 30 μM TNB, and150 mM NaCl. The reaction was initiated by the addition of 0.3 mM H2O2, and the decrease in absorbance at 412 nm due to oxidation of TNB (ε = 27,000 M−1 cm−1) was measured for one min. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnet’s post hoc test, and p
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