Abstract
Objectives: In many articles, gastroesophageal reflux has been identified as a strong underlying factor in laryngeal and extra-laryngeal disorders. But the exact mechanism of these complications is still controversial. The present study was designed to investigate the association of gastroesophageal acid reflux to ear, nose and throat diseases in children. Materials and Methods: The present study is a descriptive cross-sectional study and its statistical population includes children with gastroesophageal reflux disease over a period of 18 months visited Salmaniya Medical Complex, Kingdom of Bahrain. The diagnosis of GERD (Gastroesophageal reflux disease) was recorded based on symptoms, radiological and endoscopic findings and ESPGHAN guidelines. The ear, nose and throat were examined and problems recorded followed by initiation of medical treatment. After one and six months of follow up post treatment all clinical findings were recorded. Results: 26.4% of the children were under one year old. In 78% of children, a family history of GERD was reported to be negative. Cough was the most common clinical complaint. After one month of treatment, 15% of gastrointestinal symptoms and 40% of ENT symptoms completely improved. After six months of treatment 72% percentage of gastrointestinal symptoms and ENT symptoms completely improved. Conclusion: This study showed that gastroesophageal reflux disease should be considered, diagnosed and treated in all children with refractory ear, nose and throat symptoms.
Highlights
This study showed that gastroesophageal reflux disease should be considered, diagnosed and treated in all children with refractory ear, nose and throat symptoms
Considering that gastroesophageal reflux disease is a common diagnosis in children, which can lead to sever damage in a person’s life, this study investigates the relationship between GERD and manifestations of diseases of the ear, nose and throat
In this study during eighteen months, thirty eight children aged six months to six years (18 females and 20 males) with gastroesophageal reflux disease were evaluated for ear, nose and throat complications. 26.4% of the children were under one year old (Table 1)
Summary
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is one of the most common gastrointestinal diseases, especially in childhood, which is characterized by esophageal and extra-esophageal manifestations [1] [2]. Numerous studies have shown the relationship between gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and diseases of the ears, nose and throat in children [3]. The symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease can be described in two ways. All of the above manifestations are due to the untimely relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter and the uncoordinated movement of the esophagus, which leads to reflux of stomach contents into the esophagus. Delay in emptying the stomach and increasing its acidity can cause and exacerbate reflux [4]
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