The Gambling Habits of Online Poker Players

Abstract

Online poker is a data goldmine. Recording actual gambling behavior gives rise to a host of research opportunities. Still, investigations using such data are rare with the excep-tion of nine pioneering studies by Harvard Medical School which are reviewed here. This paper fills part of the vacuum by analyzing the gambling habits of a sample of 2,127,887 poker playing identities at Pokerstars over a period of six months. A couple of playing variables are operationalized and were analyzed on their own as well as connected with each other in form of the playing volume ($ rake a player has paid in a time frame).The main findings confirm the results of the Harvard studies: most online poker players only play a few times and for very low stakes. The median player played 7 sessions and 4.87 hours over 6 months. Multitabling was observed only rarely (median 1.05) and most players pay very low fees per hour (median US$0.87 per hour per table). The playing volume is very low, too, with more than 50% of all players paying less than US$4.86 to the operators over 6 months. An analysis of the relationship between the playing habits shows that they reinforce each other with the exception of the playing frequency which moderates gambling involvement. The average values of the playing habits are considerably higher due to a small group of intense players: the 99% percentile player has a playing volume that is 552 times higher than that of the median player (US$2,685), and 1% of the players account for 60% of playing volume (10% for even 91%). This group is analyzed more thoroughly, and a discussion shows that the first impulse to peg intense players as (probable) pathological gamblers is wrong. Rather, future research is needed to distinguish problem gamblers from professional players.