The Galaxy mass function up toz$\mathsf{=4}$ in the GOODS-MUSIC sample: into the epoch of formation of massive galaxies

Abstract

Aims. The goal of this work is to measure the evolution of the Galaxy Stellar Mass Function and of the resulting Stellar Mass Density up to redshift ≃ 4, in order to study the assembly of massive galaxies in the high redshift Universe. Methods. We have used the GOODS-MUSIC catalog, containing ∼3000 Ks-selected galaxies with multi-wavelength coverage extending from the U band to the Spitzer 8µm band, of which 27% have spectroscopic redshifts and the remaining fraction have accurate photometric redshifts. On this sample we have applied a standard fitting procedure to measure stellar masses. We compute the Galaxy Stellar Mass Function and the resulting Stellar Mass Density up to redshift ≃ 4, taking into proper account the biases and incompleteness effects. Results. Within the well known trend of global decline of the Stellar Mass Density with redshift, we show that the decline of the more massive galaxies may be described by an exponential timescale of ≃ 6 Gyrs up to z ≃ 1.5, and proceeds much faster thereafter, with an exponential timescale of ≃ 0.6 Gyrs. We also show that there is some evidence for a differential evolution of the Galaxy Stellar Mass Function, with low mass galaxies evolving faster than more massive ones up to z ≃ 1 − 1.5 and that the Galaxy Stellar Mass Function remains remarkably flat (i.e. with a slope close to the local one) up to z ≃ 1 − 1.3. Conclusions. The observed behaviour of the Galaxy Stellar Mass Function is consistent with a scenario where about 50% of present–day massive galaxies formed at a vigorous rate in the epoch between redshift 4 and 1.5, followed by a milder evolution until the present-day epoch.