Abstract
The recent three decades have witnessed a tremendous progress of nanotechnology in the medical field. The emergence of a huge number of nanomedicines has demonstrated their potential in both disease diagnosis and treatment and is promising to take place of conventional diagnosis and therapeutic approaches in the future. This chapter mainly reviews the current state of nanomedicine in preclinical and clinical studies and envisions the future of nanomedicine in life-threatening disease treatment, life quality improvement, and its combination with other cutting-edge technologies. We also propose three main characteristics desired for future nanomedicine, including multifunctionality (by integrating properties such as diagnosis, imaging, and therapy), intelligence (through utilizing artificial intelligence-guided design of nanostructure and the application of nanorobots), and precision and personalization (through combining patient stratification and customized regimen selection). Finally, common challenges existing for translational nanomedicine will be discussed to accelerate the clinical translation of nanomedicine, including its safety, scale-up/cost, and regulation.
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