Abstract
A very small part of waste management has been carried out by incineration in Finland.About 300 kt of waste is incinerated or burned with other fuels. Waste materials have beenused in energy production mostly as co-combustion fuels at several energy production plants.The waste incineration directive of the European Union sets tight regulations for the emissionlimits, their measurements, as well as for temperature and residence time conditions in thefurnace. The costs of solid recovered fuel (SRF) utilization will increase remarkablyespecially in small heating plants because of these demands.In this study we focus on the preconditions for the utilization of local waste materials indistributed energy production. We introduce two different cases where a fuel produced fromlocal waste materials is used in small-scale energy production (<l 0 MW). The first caseincludes an existing 3.5 MW district heating boiler which has used SRF with biofuels forseveral years with good experiences and low emissions. The fraction of SRF is only about I 0% of the total fuel. The second case is based on package and construction waste collectedfrom the economic area of about 75 000 people. It was assumed that the technology of thenew heating plant would not have to differ a lot from the modem biofuel-using plant becauseof the good SRF quality. The amount of the waste-derived fuel is 10 000 Ua.In the first case the continuation of the energy use of waste would cause at least a 38 % rise tothe waste management fee. In the second case the investment and operation costs could becovered without a gate-fee if the owner of the plant (e.g. a sawmill) could save about 25€/MWh (approximate price of heat for customer) in the purchase costs of heat for their ownconsumption. If the plant could sell the heat to the district heating network with the price of15.5 €/MWh, the gate-fee would be about 38 €/t at the break-even point, which is the same asthe gate-fee of the energy waste at the moment.
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